Propolis, also known as “bee glue”, has long been a hidden secret in skincare, but no more. This natural resin, created by bees to protect their hives, is packed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin-healing properties. It has been quietly gaining traction and an army of devotees, to the point where we are now at a tipping point. We are expecting propolis to move from cult status to trendy mainstay over the next year. In this article, we explore the science behind the benefits of propolis, what it can do for your skin and the best way to use it in your routine.
What is Propolis?
Propolis is a natural compound that honey bees make by mixing their saliva with plant resins, pollen and beeswax. Bees use propolis to seal gaps in their hives, which creates a sterile, protective barrier against bacteria, fungi and environmental threats. This protective role is actually the reason for its name, since propolis comes from Greek and roughly means “defender of the city”.
The use of propolis in medicine dates back thousands of years, and it is almost as old as honey itself. Ancient Egyptians used it to treat wounds and preserve mummies, whilst the ancient Greeks relied on it to heal cuts and soothe inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine also valued it for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. Modern science has since confirmed many of these traditional uses. We now know that propolis contains over 300 active compounds, including flavonoids, polyphenols and essential oils. Together, these give propolis its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, which is exactly what makes it such an attractive skincare ingredient.
What are the Benefits of Propolis for Skin?
Propolis is a versatile skincare ingredient with a number of benefits, and it can help address a wide variety of skin concerns. Here are the key benefits of propolis for skin:
- Soothes irritation: Propolis is rich in anti-inflammatory compounds, which makes it an excellent choice for calming redness, irritation and sensitivity. It is particularly helpful for conditions like rosacea or eczema.
- Supports healing: Thanks to its antimicrobial and wound-healing properties, propolis speeds up recovery. As a result, it can boost healing from acne scars, minor cuts and other skin damage. It also encourages healthy tissue regeneration, which is why it often appears in post-treatment skincare.
- Fights acne: Propolis has antimicrobial properties that target acne-causing bacteria. It also reduces inflammation, which helps calm active breakouts and prevent new ones.
- Provides antioxidant protection: Packed with flavonoids and polyphenols, propolis shields the skin from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. This helps prevent premature ageing and keeps the skin looking plumper and brighter.
- Hydrates: Propolis acts as a humectant, so it draws moisture into the skin and locks it in. It is ideal for dry or dehydrated skin and leaves it feeling soft, smooth and supple.
- Strengthens the skin barrier: A strong skin barrier is essential for holding in hydration and keeping irritants out. Propolis helps fortify the skin’s natural defences, which protects it from environmental damage.
Who is Propolis Best For?
One of the best things about propolis is that it works across a wide range of skin types and concerns. Its antioxidant benefits are useful for everyone, since they help protect against free radical damage and premature ageing. Beyond that, propolis is especially helpful for:
- Sensitive skin: Propolis calms redness and irritation, which makes it ideal for reactive skin.
- Acne-prone skin: Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties help reduce breakouts.
- Mature, dry or dehydrated skin: Propolis hydrates and nourishes the skin, which improves overall texture and elasticity.
Is Propolis Safe?
Propolis is generally safe and well tolerated by most people. However, if you are allergic to bees or bee products, it is best to avoid it, since it can cause irritation or an allergic reaction. To stay safe, always patch test a new propolis product before adding it to your routine. If you have an underlying skin condition or other allergies, check with a dermatologist or allergy specialist first.
How Do You Use Propolis in Your Skincare Routine?
You can find propolis in a wide variety of skincare products, and it is about to become even more widely available. That makes it easy to slot into almost any routine. The first step is choosing the right format for your needs:
- Cleansers: These suit sensitive or acne-prone skin, since they cleanse gently without stripping the natural oils. They are also good for calming redness.
- Toners, essences and serums: These are perfect for targeting specific concerns like acne, redness or dullness without changing the rest of your routine. The lightweight formulas work well for active breakouts, irritation or an antioxidant boost.
- Moisturisers: Propolis-enriched moisturisers are ideal for dry, dehydrated or mature skin. They lock in moisture, strengthen the skin barrier and provide lasting hydration through the day or night.
- Masks: These are a great option for an occasional intensive treatment. They work well for stressed, tired or lacklustre skin and give an instant boost of hydration.
When it comes to layering, apply propolis according to texture and purpose. For example, use a propolis serum or essence after cleansing but before heavier products like moisturisers or facial oils. Propolis also pairs beautifully with other soothing and hydrating ingredients, so you can boost its effects alongside niacinamide, hyaluronic acid or ceramides. It can even calm the skin after stronger actives like exfoliants or retinoids.
Finally, consistency is key for visible results. Use propolis cleansers, toners, essences, serums or moisturisers daily. If you are using a mask or a spot treatment, tailor the frequency to your skin. As a rule, masks work well once or twice a week and spot treatments only as needed.
How Does Propolis Compare to Similar Ingredients?
Propolis has a number of unique benefits, but it also shares some properties with other popular ingredients. Here is how it compares against its closest rivals:
- Honey: Both propolis and honey have antibacterial and hydrating properties. However, propolis is more potent at combating acne-causing bacteria and soothing inflammation, whilst honey is better suited to deep hydration and calming sensitive skin.
- Aloe vera: Renowned for its cooling and hydrating effects, aloe vera is ideal for sunburn and irritation. Propolis, by contrast, offers additional antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits, so it is more suitable for acne, barrier protection and wound healing.
- Tea tree oil: This is a powerful antibacterial agent often used for acne, although it can be harsh and drying on sensitive skin. Propolis offers similar acne-fighting benefits but is gentler, which makes it kinder to more skin types.
- Snail mucin: Like propolis, snail mucin excels at hydration, nourishment and wound healing. However, propolis also brings antibacterial action and stronger antioxidant properties.
Propolis is a natural and ancient skincare ingredient with centuries of evidence behind its benefits for skin. It is increasingly popular thanks to its ability to soothe, hydrate and protect the skin whilst addressing concerns like acne, dryness and sensitivity. It is also versatile and pairs with most skincare products, so it slots easily into any routine. In the ever-growing world of skincare, we think propolis is rightly earning its place as a hero ingredient.
At City Skin Clinic, we are passionate about personalised skincare. Our online skin clinic offers safe and effective custom skincare treatments. Where appropriate our doctors use ingredients such as tretinoin and hydroquinone to treat skin conditions like acne, hyperpigmentation, melasma and skin ageing. To start your personalised skincare plan, book a virtual video consultation or use our online consultation form. The journey towards great skin starts here.
This article is intended for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult a qualified medical provider for any medical concerns or questions you might have.
